Make Sure You're Thinking About the Whole Picture
Buying a home and having a retirement account are both big goals for a lot of people. But sometimes it can feel like they are a bit in competition with each other—like you have to shortchange one goal in favor of the other.
Everyone's situation is gonna be a little bit different here, so we can't offer blanket advice, other than to say, before you make a decision to pull money out of your retirement account, it's probably a good idea to talk with a financial advisor. And, lucky for you (!), we've got someone here on our staff who can help you out with that—just email info@brasstaxes.com.
But we're not just saying that to sell you our services, it really is a good idea to talk with someone about this because it ends up being an important long-term decision. So even if you don't come to us, please do talk it through with someone (some cities and states offer free financial advising, and some free homebuying assistance programs also offer financial counseling).
What You Can Take Out and How Much Will it Cost
Retirement accounts come in a surprising number of flavors, and in some cases, there's some pretty serious fine print about what, when, and how you can take early withdrawals.
The information below is some basic information, but you'll want to be in touch directly with the financial institution that holds your retirement account before you make any withdrawals to make sure there aren't any particular rules about your account that you need to keep in mind.
- IRA Accounts (including Roth, Traditional, and SEP)
- Generally there's a 10% penalty for taking money out of your IRA early (i.e. before you turn 59.5 years old), but there's an exception for first-time homebuyers.
- You can pull up to $10,000 out of your IRA without paying a penalty if you're a first-time homebuyer (see note on who qualifies here). If the money you're pulling out wasn't already taxed (most Traditional IRA contributions and earnings or Roth IRA earnings) then you'll still need to pay taxes on that money, you just won't have an additional penalty on top.
- Roth IRA Note: The Roth IRA is a little bit different because you contributed to the Roth with after-tax money (i.e. you already paid taxes on the money you put in there). So you can withdraw the amount you contributed to your Roth IRA at any time without penalty. The penalty comes into play if you withdraw the earnings on those contributions.
- Generally there's a 10% penalty for taking money out of your IRA early (i.e. before you turn 59.5 years old), but there's an exception for first-time homebuyers.
- 401k Accounts (including Employer and Solo)
- This kind of account is where the specific rules of the plan can really come into play, so again, get in touch with your financial institution if you're considering this.
- That said, you often have two options with a 401(k):
- Take out a loan against your 401(k) - You're essentially loaning yourself money using your account as collateral. This isn't gonna always make sense and the term for these loans is often shorter than a mortgage, but one nice thing is that your interest payments generally go back to you instead of to a bank. And generally you can borrow up to 50% of your vested account balance up to a maximum of $50,000.
- Withdraw from your 401(k) - Similar to the IRA, you would normally have to pay a 10% penalty for pulling money out of your account early (i.e. before you turn 59.5 years old), but as a homebuyer, you may qualify for a hardship withdrawal to cover the costs of buying a principal residence (generally the place where you're gonna live). Unfortunately the limits on the amount are not as clear with 401(k) plans—there's not a fixed limit, the IRS just says: "The distribution is not in excess of the amount of the immediate and heavy financial need of the employee." So if you do go for this option, again, make sure to talk to folks at the financial institution and maybe a financial advisor as well to make sure you choose the right amount.
Want some help thinking through the tax implications of pulling money out of retirement? We got you. Just email info@brasstaxes.com and we'll set up a consultation.